( 1), it can be observed that electrospun fibers with different diameters (yellow arrows) create a tridimensional scaffold that resembles the extracellular matrix of tissues.ĭespite all tissues can be susceptible to the use of electrospun nanofibers for regeneration/cicatrization improvement, just a few of them have been extensively studied, such as bone, cartilage, and skin, this can be due to the accessibility of the tissue and less complicated applicative experiments in universities or research institutes. Hence, natural and synthetic biomaterials are provided through the electrospinning technique of 3D tissue formation, which is regularly enhanced by the seeding of the cells into the material structure. The main objective of tissue engineering is to avoid tissue and organ transplantation. By the same time, the nanofibers are reabsorbed and become part of the tissue. These structures can be prepared with biomaterials that resemble the chemical composition of tissues, using natural biomaterials, for example, hydroxyapatite which promotes the regeneration of bone tissue. Tissue engineering is one of the approaches beneficiated by the electrospun technology, because nanofibers create a tridimensional structure that simulates the extracellular matrix made by tissues (Fig. Such is the case of the integration of an antimicrobial effect on the nanofibers thanks to some bioactive properties, for example, silver nanoparticles and curcumin, or conductive properties by adding graphene, polyaniline or having therapeutics effect loading pharmaceutical drugs in/on the surface of the nanofibers such as dexamethasone, sildenafil citrate, just to mention some examples. The above properties can always be designed through the choice of a specific polymer that is used as a matrix and can be functionalized with a great variety of biomaterials such as metals, ceramics or other polymers, these above biomaterials can be used to functionalize the nanofibers with extra properties. This technique leads to the production of versatile nanofibers that possess a diverse set of properties and can be used in several applications such as tissue engineering, drug delivery systems, and biotechnology, amongst others.Īmong the interesting properties of electrospun nanofibers, the high tensile strength, flexibility, reduced permeability of water, high surface area, biocompatibility, and biodegradability, are a few mentioned. The value of the electrospinning technique has been reported over the last 10 years. Despite all the reported literature, it still is missing a complete screening of the above mentioned properties specific to their respective target tissues. The purpose of these properties is to mimic the surrounding tissue or create the optimal condition for the targeted cell growth. A high tensile strength, flexibility, reduced permeability of water, high surface area, biocompatibility, and biodegradability are some of the properties recognized and discussed to be more important for tissue engineering applications. Hence, the objective of this perspective article is to give an insight into the desired properties of the electrospun nanofibers dedicated to the tissue engineering approach. Electrospun nanofibers have gained great attention in the biomedical industry, especially in tissue engineering, because of their interesting properties that promote cell growth and tissue cicatrization or regeneration, where any biological tissue can be beneficiated by choosing the proper biomaterials.
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